The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is necessary for follicular development in several species, because its angiogenic effect, which allow the supply of nutrients, oxygen and hormones to follicular cells and oocyte of, as well release of sexual steroids into the blood vessels. Moreover, the VEGF has proliferative and cytoprotective...
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein that promotes the development of antral follicles through the proliferation, survival and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells (GC). In addition, it has been shown to stimulate the synthesis of sphingolipids such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in these cells. Similar to FSH, S1P promotes proliferation, survival...